黄土高原区果园生草覆盖对土壤物理性状、水分及产量的影响

通过试验证明果园生草制是黄土高原地区果园土壤管理的一个行之有效的模式。果园生草覆盖区与对照相比土壤物理性状、水分及产量均有明显提高 ,直径 1 .0mm以上的土壤团粒增加了 1 0 .2 %～ 1 2 .2 % ,提高 60 .4%～ 72 .2 % ;土壤容重下降 0 .0 5～ 0 .1 3g/cm3,降低 4.2 %～1 0 .0 % ;土壤孔隙度增加 2 .5 %～ 5 .5 % ,提高 4.6%～ 1 0 .9% ;有机质增加 0 .1 9%～ 0 .5 7% ,提高 2 4.4%～ 73 .1 % ;0～ 2 0cm土壤水分增加 1 .7%～ 3 .0 % ,提高 1 6.7%～ 2 9.4% ;苹果产量和经济效益 ,提高幅度分别为 1 2 .73 %～ 3 1 .5 7%和 1 5 .1 7%～ 3 6.2 2 %。     

温带森林中风倒形成的坑和丘对土壤性质和温室气体排放的影响

Pit and mound micro-relief(resultant microsites from trees uprooted by windthrow) could have regimes of microclimate and soil features that differ from areas of undisturbed soil. In an attempt to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the significance of pits and mounds on soil features and also the dynamics of greenhouse gas(GHG) fluxes at local scale, this study was carried out in a reserved area of Darabkola forest in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. The age of a pit and mound was considered equal to the degree of decay of the blown down tree. Three microsites were distinguished, consisting of pit bottom(PB), mound top(MT) and undisturbed area(UA). Soil samples were taken at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths from all microsites and analysed for soil physical, chemical and biological features. Our findings suggested that in context of forest ecology, pits and mounds following windthrow events should be considered as an effective factor influencing soil features(i.e., density, texture, water content, p H, organic C, total N, available nutrients and earthworm density/biomass) and especially GHG fluxes. Results showed that MT acted as a sink for N2O(-0.010 mg N2 O m-2d-1) and CH4(-0.257 mg CH4m-2d-1) fluxes and also produced lower CO2 concentrations(0.095 mg CO2 m-2d-1) than PB(0.207 mg CO2 m-2d-1) and UA(0.098 mg CO2 m-2d-1). As a consequence, a separation into pits/mounds would be important for a precise budgeting of greenhouse gases.     

不同种类中国杉对土壤养分状况的影响

The effects of different types of Chinese fir stand,including those with varous composition (pure and mixed),in various cropping systems (first and continuous cropping system)and at different ages,on the nutrient status of soils the hilly regions of southern Anhui Province were studied by means of ecological sequential comparison on the basis of similar climate and soil type.The work was carried out in the Xiaoxi Forest Farm of Jingxian County and the Caijiaqiao Forest Farm of Jingde Coundy,where the soil is parayellow soil derived from phyllite and sandstone,The results revealed that with the increase of age,Chinese fir pure stand could accumulate organic matter and nitrogen in the soil but it resulted in decreasing of soil pH and base ions(especially Ca^2 ) compared to its mixed stand with broad-leaf trees such as Chinese sassafras,In order to improve the soil fertility,It would be better to mix Chinese fir with broad-leaf trees when afforestation In the management of Chinese fir pure stand,base compounds and phosphates should be added to the soil for mintaining soil fertility and raising and raising forest productivity.     

基于三维激光扫描成像系统的树木干曲线的分形特征

树木干曲线具有分形的结构,文章应用分形方法对甘肃小陇山地区86棵不同树种的单木以及解析木干曲线进行研究,通过计算得到干曲线的分形维数介于2-3之间,研究结果表明同一树种树木干曲线的生长趋势是一致的。经过对单木干曲线和标准解析木干曲线分形维数的测定以及比较分析,可以发现同一树种不同径阶的树木干曲线具有统计意义上的自仿射分形特征,表明分形方法在对树木及其组成部分的形态上的描述作用极大。文章针对立木的测量,采用三维激光扫描成像系统,不仅获得了丰富的测树因子信息,更以此为基础对森林计测学研究进行了扩展,是一项非常有意义的工作。     

安塞县水土保持型生态农业建设探索

简述了水土保持型生态农业的概念和其建设原则。安塞县水土保持型生态农业应以水土保持为前提，以乡土树种为主，适地适树，适地适林，搞好植被建设；加强梯田、淤地坝建设，扩大杂粮生产，实现粮食自给。同时应加强果园建设与管护，加强畜牧建设，稳定设施蔬菜栽培面积，建立商品性果树、畜牧和设施蔬菜产业。     

果蔬复合固体饮料的制备及其对小鼠肝性骨病的预防作用

为开发一种感官营养俱佳的保健食品，该研究以欧李、猕猴桃、胡萝卜、葡萄、柑橘5种果蔬为原料，用喷雾干燥法制备复合固体饮料（以下简称“五果粉”），后以五果粉饲喂雌性C57小鼠，测定血清指标，分析骨微结构，探究其对高脂饮食诱导的小鼠肝性骨病的预防作用，为五果粉的制作和营养保健功能提供依据。结果表明：5种果蔬的配方比例为40%欧李、20%猕猴桃、20%胡萝卜、10%柑橘、10%葡萄。添加可溶性固形物总量的40%的复合助干剂（麦芽糊精∶分离乳清蛋白=30∶10）与3%的稳定剂羧甲基纤维素钠，喷雾干燥条件：进风温度126℃、进料速度6.3m L/min、转子流量计高度44.00mm、可溶性固形物含量11.00%，在该条件下生产的五果粉集粉率60.86%。血清试验结果表明，给药组小鼠血清中骨钙素和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b的水平显著低于模型组（P<0.05）；超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平显著高于模型组（P<0.05），丙二醛水平显著低于模型组（P<0.05）；谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶水平显著低于模型组（P<0.05），且与空白组相比无显著差异（P>0.05）；总胆固...     

果蔬差压预冷设备及预冷技术研究

果蔬采后预冷是果蔬贮藏、流通中重要的前处理技术，是果蔬采后保鲜流通冷链的重要环节。差压预冷技术因其成本低、使用灵活，在发达国家广泛应用于果蔬采后处理。此技术很适宜我国果蔬小规模生产、多品种、低成本的生产现状和高品质大流通的发展。本研究借鉴国外发达国家在差压预冷方面的成功经验，通过对引进差压预冷库的研究、测试、消化、吸收，研究出可在冷库中使用的3种不同预冷量的差压预冷通风设备，并建成一次预冷量12 t的差压预冷库。应用此技术，一般蔬菜预冷时间在4～6 h，仅为同等条件下冷库预冷时间的1/4～1/10，预冷过     

北京地区冬小麦冻害预报系统初探

采用运筹学决策树方法，通过归纳冬小麦各生育阶段各种因素的综合影响，建立了冬小麦冻害预报系统。系统分为品种、播种、冬前条件、越冬条件、早春条件5个层次，并以冬4、麦自身抗寒力（品种，生长状况等）和环境因素（土壤，气象条件，田间管理等）为指标，判断预测麦苗抗寒力、越冬冻伤情况及冻害程度，预测结果均以5个等级描述，系统按照预测的冻害级别给出不同时段冻害预防的补救措施和建议，具有较高的应用价值。     

陇东黄土高原沟壑区各立地类型水保适生树种的确认

在黄委会西峰水保站关于陇东黄土高原沟壑区立地条件类型划分和拟定的适生树种基础上,针对这里干旱少雨的突出特点,本着乡土树种为主、引进树种为辅的原则,采取自采、自育、自造和以抗旱为中心的造林技术,在西峰水保站南小河沟试验场应用大断面法布设“地树对位”试验区,以相对成活率、相对保存率和相对生长率计算得到的适生值为主要依据,对陇东黄土高原沟壑区8种立地条件类型的适生树种分别进行了确认,共确认乔灌木树种16种。